1. Bischoff, Stephan C., Palle Bager, Johanna Escher, Alastair Forbes, Xavier Hébuterne, Christian Lodberg Hvas, Francisca Joly et al. 2023. "ESPEN guideline on Clinical Nutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Clinical Nutrition, January. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2022.12.004.Bischoff, et al,. ESPEN Guideline on Clinical Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease, 2023, Clin Nutr. 42 (3) 352-379

 

2. Bischoff, Stephan C., Johanna Escher, Xavier Hébuterne, Stanisław Kłękclinicalnutritionjournal.com/...-9/fulltext, Zeljko Krznaric, Stéphane Schneider, Raanan Shamir et al. 2017. "ESPEN Practice Guideline: Clinical Nutrition in Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)."

 

3. Magavi, Pooja R., Lori A. Beeken, Rebecca Matro, Mazer Ally, Melissa J. Ferrari, and Gauree G. Konijeti. 2022. "Incorporating Nutrition-Based Strategies into IBD Treatment." Current Gastroenterology Reports, October 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-022-00851-8.

 

4. Chouraki, V., G. Savoye, L. Dauchet, G. Vernier-Massouille, J. L. Dupas, V. Merle, J. E. Laberenne et al. 2011. "The changing pattern of Crohn's disease incidence in northern France: a continuing increase in the 10- to 19-year-old age bracket (1988-2007)." Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 33, no. 10 (March 16): 1133-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04628.x.

 

5. FRIENDS Italy. (s.d.). Crohn's Disease. amiciitalia.eu. https://amiciitalia.eu/categorie/la-malattia-di-crohn.

 

6. Singh, Arshdeep, Vandana Midha, Ramit Mahajan, Shruti Verma, Chandan Kakkar, Jasmine Grover, Dharmatma Singh et al. 2022. "Evaluation of Nutritional Characteristics Reveals Similar Prevalence of Malnutrition in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease." Digestive Diseases and Sciences, September 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-022-07652-z.

 

7. ESPEN FACT SHEETS. (s.d.). DISEASE RELATED MALNUTRITION (DRM) A neglected threat to every patient, nutritional care matters.

 

8. Dhaliwal, Amritpal, Jonathan I. Quinlan, Kellie Overthrow, Carolyn Greig, Janet M. Lord, Matthew J. Armstrong, and Sheldon C. Cooper. 2021. "Sarcopenia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Overview." Nutrients, 13, no. 2 (February 17): 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020656.

 

9. Burisch, Johan, Gediminas Kiudelis, Limas Kupcinskas, Hendrika Adriana Linda Kievit, Karina Winther Andersen, Vibeke Andersen, Riina Salupere et al. 2018. "Natural disease course of Crohn's disease during the first 5 years after diagnosis in a European population-based inception cohort: an Epi-IBD study." Gut, 68, no. 3 (January 23): 423-33. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315568.

 

10. Italy. Ministry of Health. 2023. GUIDELINES ON Food for special medical purposes FSMPs). Approved September 20, 2023.

 

11. SINPE, SIGENP. s.d. The tender specifications for enteral nutrition.

 

12. Rinninella, Emanuele, Giordana Galeazzi, Elisa Gianferrari, Sabrina Putzu, Pauline Raoul, Marco Cintoni, Francesca Bugli, Maria Cristina Mele, and Maura Di Vito. 2023. "Botanicals in human nutrition: focus on bioactive food-derived compounds on gut microbiota in gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases." Nutrimentum et Curae, no. 02, e134. DOI: 10.57625/nec.2023.33

 

13. Loy, Laura, Lorenzo Petronio, Giacomo Marcozzi, Cristina Bezzio, and Alessandro Armuzzi. 2024. "Dietary Fiber in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Are We Ready to Change the Paradigm?" Nutrients, 16, no. 8 (April 10): 1108. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081108.

 

14. Feldheiser, A., O. Aziz, G. Baldini, B. P. B. W. Cox, K. C. H. Fearon, L. S. Feldman, T. J. Gan et al. 2015. "Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anesthesia practice." Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 60, no. 3 (October 30): 289-334. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12651.

 

15. Hoshimoto, Aihiro, Yasuo Suzuki, Tatsuro Katsuno, Hiroshi Nakajima, and Yasushi Saito. 2002. "Caprylic acid and medium-chain triglycerides inhibit IL-8 gene transcription in Caco-2 cells: comparison with the potent histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A." British Journal of Pharmacology, 136, no. 2 (May): 280-86. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0704719.

16. Hash, Jana G., Jaclyn Elkins, James D. Lewis, and David G. Binion. 2024. "AGA Clinical Practice Update on Diet and Nutritional Therapies in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Expert Review." Gastroenterology, Jan. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2023.11.303.

 

17. Massironi, Sara, Chiara Viganò, Andrea Palermo, Lorena Pirola, Giacomo Mulinacci, Mariangela Allocca, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, and Silvio Danese. 2023. "Inflammation and malnutrition in inflammatory bowel disease." Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, March. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00011-0.

 

18. Di Stefano, M., C. Mengoli, N. Aronico, E. Miceli, M. Scarampi, S. Botti, G. R. Corazza, and A. Di Sabatino. 2024. "T.11.1: MICRONUTRIENT NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN REMISSION FOLLOWING A LONG-TERM BIOLOGIC TREATMENT." Digestive and Liver Disease, 56 (April): S276. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(24)00658-3.

 

19. ESPEN FACT SHEETS. (s.d.). GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition. A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community.

 

20. Lombardy Region. 2024. Annex A. Resolution XII / 1812. Approved January 29, 2024.

 

21. Pennings, Bart, Yves Boirie, Joan MG Senden, Annemie P. Gijsen, Harm Kuipers, and Luc JC van Loon. 2011. "Whey protein stimulates postprandial muscle protein accretion more effectively than do casein and casein hydrolysate in older men." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 93, no. 5 (March 2): 997-1005. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.008102.

 

22. FRIENDS Italy. (s.d.). Ulcerative Colitis. amiciitalia.eu. https://amiciitalia.eu/categorie/la-colite-ulcerosa.

 

23. Caterina Fazion. (2024, February 13). Chronic intestinal diseases: in half of cases symptoms out of control. fondazioneveronesi.it. https://www.fondazioneveronesi.it/magazine/articoli/alimentazione/malattia-di-crohn-e-colite-ulcerosa-come-dare-luce-allinvisibile

 

24. Panorama of Healthcare. 2022. "Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, Estimated Doubling of Patients in 2030." www.panoramadellasanita.it, May 20, 2022.

 

25. Ministry of Health. (s.d.). Conference for World Chronic Bowel Disease Day. pnes.salute.gov.it. https://www.pnes.salute.gov.it/portale/lea/dettaglioEventiLea.jsp?lingua=italiano&menu=eventi&p=daeventi&id=598.

 

26. Cárdenas, Diana, Maria Isabel T. Davisson Correia, Gil Hardy, Juan B. Ochoa, Albert Barrocas, Régis Hankard, Isabelle Hannequart et al. 2022. "Nutritional care is a human right: Translating principles to clinical practice." Nutrition in Clinical Practice, May 23. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10864.

 

27. Lombardy Region. 2024. ACTIVATION OF THE NUTRITION SCREENING PATHWAY IN SSR FACILITIES AND HOME. Resolution XII / 1812. Approved January 29, 2024.

 

28. ASPEN, ESPEN, FELANPE. 2022. "The International Declaration on the Human Right to Nutritional Care."

 

29. ESPEN FACT SHEETS. (s.d.). NUTRITIONAL CARE IS A HUMAN RIGHT. The International Declaration on the human RIght to Nutritional Care "Vienna Declaration".

 

30. LH VIOLA DATA SHEET

 

31. Saibeni, Simone, Michela Zanetti, Cristina Bezzio, Loris Pironi, Alessandro Armuzzi, Sergio Riso, Flavio Caprioli et al. 2023. "Nutritional care at centers managing patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide survey in Italy." Digestive and Liver Disease, June. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2023.05.029.

 

32. http://Bezzio, Cristina, Daniele Brinch, Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone, Maria Cappello, Natalie Ruzzon, Marta Vernero, Davide Scalvini et al. 2024. "Prevalence, Risk Factors and Association with Clinical Outcomes of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Study." Nutrients, 16, no. 23 (November 21): 3983. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16233983.

 

33. Cammarota, Giovanni, Lucrezia Laterza, Stefano Bibbò, William Fusco, Tommaso Rozera, Eugenio Di Brino, Serena Porcari et al. 2024. "Review Article: Green Management of IBD-New Paradigms for an Eco-Friendly Approach." Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, November 18. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18399.

 

34. FRIENDS Italy & SINPE. (s.d.). MALNUTRITION IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (CICI): PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE 2024 AMICI ITALIA SURVEY.

 

35. Falcone, Emilia, Francesca Vinciguerra, Vincenzo Vivacqua, Edoardo Sanna, and Elena Lanati. s.d. "Malnutrition and chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): need for a national regulatory frame to ensure equity in nutritional care."

 

36. Fiorindi, Camilla, Cristina Luceri, Gabriele Dragoni, Guya Piemonte, Stefano Scaringi, Fabio Staderini, Anita Nannoni, Ferdinando Ficari, and Francesco Giudici. 2020. "GLIM Criteria for Malnutrition in Surgical IBD Patients: A Pilot Study." Nutrients, 12, no. 8 (July 25): 2222. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082222.

 

37. Casanova, María José, Maria Chaparro, Begoña Molina, Olga Merino, Ricardo Batanero, Carmen Dueñas-Sadornil, Pilar Robledo et al. 2017. "Prevalence of Malnutrition and Nutritional Characteristics of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, 11, no. 12 (July 24): 1430-39. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx102.

 

38. Pradelli, Lorenzo, Orietta Zaniolo, Alessio Sanfilippo, Antonella Lezo, Sergio Riso, and Michela Zanetti. 2022. "Prevalence and economic cost of malnutrition in Italy: a systematic review and metanalysis from the Italian Society of Artificial Nutrition and Metabolism (SINPE)." Nutrition, December, 111943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2022.111943.

 

39. Elia, M., C. Normand, A. Laviano, and K. Norman. 2016. "A systematic review of the cost and cost effectiveness of using standard oral nutritional supplements in community and care home settings." Clinical Nutrition, 35, no. 1 (February): 125-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.07.012.

 

40. NICE. 2017. "Nutrition support for adults: oral nutrition support, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition (CG32)." Clinical Guideline.

 

41. Philipson, T., J. T. Snider, D. N. Lakdawalla, B. Stryckman, and D. P. Goldman. 2013. "OP015 IMPACT OF ORAL NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON HOSPITAL OUTCOMES." Clinical Nutrition, 32 (September): S6-S7. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5614(13)60017-5.

 

42. Brennan, Gregory T., Iris Ha, Christopher Hogan, Emily Nguyen, M. M. Jamal, Matthew L. Bechtold, and Douglas L. Nguyen. 2018. "Does preoperative enteral or parenteral nutrition reduce postoperative complications in Crohn's disease patients." European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 30, no. 9 (September): 997-1002. https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000001162.

 

43. Niccolai, Marco. s.d. "The ESG dimension in tenders: the green and social approach in public procurement. The role and experience of central purchasing bodies."

 

44. Ministry of Health. (2024, April 5). Dietary Supplements and Ministerial Guidelines (LGM). pnrr.salute.gov.it. https://www.salute.gov.it/portale/alimentiParticolariIntegratori/dettaglioContenutiAlimentiParticolariIntegratori.jsp?lingua=italiano&id=1267&area=Alimenti%20particolari%20e%20integratori&menu=integratori

 

45. Nutrition and health claims made on food products. 2006a. Regulation (EC) 1924/2006. Approved December 20, 2006. Official Journal of the European Union.

 

46. Ansell, Jack, Jack Hirsh, Elaine Hylek, Alan Jacobson, Mark Crowther, and Gualtiero Palareti. 2008. "Pharmacology and Management of the Vitamin K Antagonists." Chest, 133, no. 6 (June): 160S-198S. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.08-0670.

 

47. Forbes, Alastair, Johanna Escher, Xavier Hébuterne, Stanisław Kłęk, Zeljko Krznaric, Stéphane Schneider, Raanan Shamir et al. 2017. "ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease." Clinical Nutrition, 36, no. 2 (April): 321-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.12.027.

 

48. Barazzoni, Rocco, Gordon L. Jensen, Maria Isabel T. D. Correia, Maria Cristina Gonzalez, Takashi Higashiguchi, Han Ping Shi, Stephan C. Bischoff et al. 2022. "Guidance for assessment of the muscle mass phenotypic criterion for the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnosis of malnutrition." Clinical Nutrition, April. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2022.02.001.

 

49. Foods intended for infants and young children, Food for special medical purposes and substitutes for the whole daily food ration for weight control. 2013. REGULATION (EU) 609/2013. Approved June 12, 2013. Official Journal of the European Union.

 

50. Specific composition and information requirements for foods for special medical purposes. 2015. DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2016/128. Adopted September 25, 2015. Official Journal of the European Union.

 

51. Italy. Ministry of Health, DIRECTION GENERAL HYGIENE AND FOOD SAFETY AND NUTRITION - OFFICE 4. Revised November 2018. s.d. Guideline on studies conducted to evaluate the safety and properties of food products.

 

52. Muscaritoli, Maurizio, Simone Lucia, Alessio Farcomeni, Vito Lorusso, Valeria Saracino, Carlo Barone, Francesca Plastino et al. 2017. "Prevalence of malnutrition in patients at first medical oncology visit: the PreMiO study." Oncotarget, 8, no. 45 (August 10): 79884-96. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20168.

 

53. Muscaritoli, Maurizio, Jann Arends, Patrick Bachmann, Vickie Baracos, Nicole Barthelemy, Hartmut Bertz, Federico Bozzetti et al. 2021. "ESPEN practice guideline: clinical nutrition in cancer." SINPE.

 

54. Pedrazzoli, Paolo, Riccardo Caccialanza, Davide Petruzzelli, Giancarlo Cicolini, Patrizia Gnagnarella, Giuseppe Aprile, Emilia Gianotti et al. 2024. "NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT IN THE PATIENT ON ACTIVE THERAPY." AIOM GUIDELINES.